In 1933 the editors of The LITERARY DIGEST reported:
“…Peiping Associated Press dispatches tell of a major battle between Japanese and Chinese armies for possession of Chiumenkow Pass in the Great Wall of China. The Pass is one of the most important gateways leading into the rich province of Jehol which, it is reported, Japan purposes to cut off from China and add to Manchukuo.”
“This collision forms the second chapter in the Shanhaikwan dispute, and it comes quickly.”
