A List of German Versailles Treaty Violations (Literary Digest, 1936)This is an interesting article that announced the Germans march into the Rhineland as well as the island of Hegoland. The journalist also listed various other Versailles Treaty violations:
•"The Versailles Treaty said that Germany should have no troops in the Rhineland. On March 7 of this year, they marched in.
•The Versailles Treaty said that Germany should never have a conscript army. On March 16 of this year, conscription was announced by Chancellor Adolf Hitler.
•The Versailles Treaty said that Germany should have no military aviation. She has it.
•The Versailles Treaty said that the Great German General Staff should be abolished. It was never disbanded.
•Violations of the Versailles Treaty began, in fact, a week before it was signed."
Click here to read an additional article concerning the Versailles Treaty violations.
Questioning German War Guilt (The Nation, 1927)This article from THE NATION was written by Alfred Von Wegerer in the interest of refuting Versailles Treaty article 231, which reads:
"The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies."
Von Wegerer, like most Germans at that time, got mighty hot under the collar when he stopped to consider that Germany was blamed entirely for the start of the First World War. This article was written nine years after the close of the war when a number scholars on the allied side had already stepped forward to question, what has come to be called, "the war guilt clause".
Read about the total lack of war guilt that existed in 1950 Germany...
Germany's Discomfort Over the War-Guilt Clause (Literary Digest, 1929)The Treaty of Versailles was signed ten years before the printing of the attached article, and within that time the German press had literally published hundreds of thousands of editorials objecting to the treaty's clause that placed all blame entirely on Germany for the start of the war. In order to mark this anniversary, the editors of THE LITERARY DIGEST decided to run this article that reported on how that country felt about "the war-guilt lie".
The Ongoing French Occupation of Germany (Literary Digest, 1928)The attached article, written in 1928, reported on how heartily sick the Germans were at having to serve as hosts for three occupying armies as a result of a Versailles Treaty clause that mandated the Allied military occupation until 1935. The Foreign Minister of Germany, Dr Gustav Stresemann, made several eloquent pleas to the diplomatic community insisting that there was no need for the continuing encampments before he began submitting his bitter editorials to assorted European magazines, which are discussed herein:
"Friendship between France and Germany is impossible as long as Allied troops remain in the occupation area of the Rhineland..."
The French Army Moves into the Ruhr Valley (Literary Digest, 1923)When Germany's post-war government failed to remit a portion of the 33 billion dollars it owed under it's obligations agreed to in the Versailles Treaty, France lost little time deploying her army into the coal rich regions of the Ruhr Valley. This article, illustrated with cartoons and maps, offers a collection of assorted observations and editorial opinions gathered from from across Europe concerning the event:
"The 'Frankfurter Zeitung' cries out against France's action as 'one of pure violence,' which 'we must suffer to-day, but we know that sooner or later this violence will be terribly avenged on those who have exercised it and those who have consented to it.'
Premiere Poincare remarked, 'the french troops will remain in the Ruhr as long as may be necessary to assure the payment of reparations, but not a single day longer.'"
The French Army withdrew in 1930.
A young nerd named Adolf Hitler had some opinions about the 1923 Ruhr occupation, click here to read about him.
Anti-Treaty Fervor in Germany (Literary Digest, 1923)This 1923 German editorial by Professor Rudolf Euken (coincidentally published in THE EUKEN REVIEW) was accompanied by an anti-Versailles Treaty cartoon which attempted to rally the German working classes to join together in rebellion against the treaty.
"The so-called Peace of Versailles subjects the German people to unheard-of treatment; has injured and crippled Germany; has, with refined cruelty, deprived her of fertile territories; robbed her of sources indispensable to her existence; has heaped upon her huge burdens, and this for an indenite time - the intention being, if possible, to reduce her people to serfdom."
Click here to read another one of Rudolf Euken's post-war efforts.
Click here if you would like to read about the 1936 Versailles Treaty violations.
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